Role of wild germplasm in disease and pest resistance breeding. Plant breeding pdf download important agri learner. Objectives necessities for insect resistance breeding. Mechanisms of defense in plants against pests mechanisms of defense in plants against pests plants exhibit a wide variety of strategies and mechanisms of defense against pathogens and insects pest that may be classified into three major groups avoidance, resistance, and tolerance. Breeding legume crops to improve their resistance against storage insect pests, although having technical limitations, is the best way of overcoming these disadvantages in an environmentfriendly manner. The scientific background is explained as far as it is relevant for breeders to make. Breeding strategies for improving plant resistance to diseases. Selection and breeding for insect and disease resistance.
Gm crops, touted for pest resistance, rapidly breed resistant pests genetically modified crops are controversial because of everything from environmental to humanhealth effects. Dec 22, 2015 combining vertical and horizontal resistance it is tempting to think that combining vertical resistance and horizontal resistance will provide the best of two worlds in the protection of plants. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most uptodate textbook on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests. Main advantages of genetic resistance are given below. Yield stability of legume crops is constrained by a number of pest and diseases. Niks and others published breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests find, read and cite all the research you. Breeding common bean for resistance to insect pests. Breeding pest resistant trees download ebook pdf, epub. Traditionally, researcher has put more focus on disease resistance than on insect resistance, but the adverse effects of excessive use of pesticides on human health, environment, phytosanitation, market access, and global trade have led to renewed.
The potential impact of these advances in molecular technology on plant breeding and disease resistance is also covered. Breeding food legumes for resistance to storage insect pests. Tomato breeding for insectpest resistance intechopen. Self fertilization and population variability in the higher plants. Resistance breeding holds immense potential in controlling this. Achievements and challenges in legume breeding for pest. The book is divided into six sections, comprising 14 chapters. Principally, hostplant genotypes are tested in a number of environments across the zones before the selection is made. Feb 24, 2011 breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most up to date text book on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. A number of recent studies have shown that soilborne pests can also induce plant resistance aboveground and vice versa. Breeding for disease and insect resistance crops plant.
Crops are required to be disease, resistant, as a wide range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens that affect the yield of cultivated crop species, especially in tropical climates. Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests scholarswing. Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same. Methods of breeding for disease and insectpest resistance. Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance sciencedirect. A central goal of crop improvement is to breed varieties with broadspectrum resistance bsr to pathogens, but most of the major resistance r genes identified to date confer racespecific resistance to their adapted pathogens. Breeding for disease resistance began when plants were first domesticated. The scientific background is explained as far as it is relevant for breeders to make sensible choices in designing and running their breeding work. This breeding for resistance is a lengthy and costly process and therefore, to be cost effective, it should provide durable resistance against disease insect pests. Since plants are frequently exposed to aboveground and. Niks re, parlevliet je, lindhout p et al 2011 breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests. Exploiting broadspectrum disease resistance in crops.
Breeding for resistance to disease and insect pestsbiotic. Plant resistance is the best means to control diseases and pests of banana, especially for smallholder farmers. For example the cotton crop is attacked by more than 160 species of insects of these a dozen are major pests. The erosion of horizontal resistance while breeding for race specific vertical resistance is called the vertifolia effect after the potato cultivar. Breeding for disease and pest resistance in pearl millet.
Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests wur. Resistance to leaffeeding and stemtunnelling is governed predominantly by additive genes. Optimizing crops for biocontrol of pests and disease. Up to date textbook targeted towards students in plant sciences. Gm crops, touted for pest resistance, rapidly breed resistant.
Breeding plant broadspectrum resistance without yield. Using radiation breeding, traits for yield, quality, taste and disease and pest resistance have been improved in cereals, legumes, cotton, peppermint, sunflowers, peanut. The integrity of our natural, urban and plantation forest ecosystems, and the services they provide are seriously imperiled. Although these r genes are effective for a specific pathogen, their durability in the field is typically short due to mutations in the pathogen population that. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most up to date text book on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. The cultivation of resistant varieties has been recognized as the most effective, ideal and economical method of reducing crop losses stakman and harrar 1957. Genetic modification to improve disease resistance in crops. For the past century, modern plant breeding has been extremely successful, but it has. Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance 1st edition.
To initiate genetic breeding programs aiming at pest insect and arachnid resistance, it is necessary to work with the crop of economic interest and its main pests, in order to select resistance sources, determine the mechanismstypes of resistance involved and structure the program breeding. Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests principles of. Partial resistance of barley to puccinia hordei consists of the components lower infection frequency. Floricultural crop breeding and genetics for plant. Critically, it is possible to introduce several dominant resistance traits into elite cultivars, polyploid crops, sterile plants and parental lines to be used in subsequent breeding efforts. Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of diseaseresistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Host resistance is important in reducing cost of pest control, may help protect environment by reducing pesticide use, and may help alleviate the onset of pesticide resistance. Induced resistance of plants against pests and diseases via plant defense responses is well documented and can occur aboveground, in the leaves, and belowground in the roots. Less well studied though, is the idea of breeding for indirect resistance by recruiting beneficial microbes or repelling pests via root exudates. Fungicides are a central part of disease control in the eu and, as such, a comprehensive account of their use forms an important part of the text, along with. Partial resistance is an incomplete host resistance which retards epidemic development despite a compatible infection type niks et al.
Resistance to pests and diseases is the basis for the sustainable and healthy production of agricultural and horticultural crops. Start studying chapter 14 plant breeding breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests. We discuss primarily resistance to fungal diseases. May 28, 2019 crop breeding can produce resistance to individual diseases, but it is challenging to select for genetic resistance against multiple diseases simultaneously while maintaining the strong performance traits of elite varieties.
Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests. Various disease causing organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and mycoplasma refer to pathogen. Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant and hence a reduction of disease, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage. Sustainable solutions for diseases and pests in crops wur. This publication, which consists of 7 chapters, is the most up to date text book on breeding crops for resistance to diseases and pests targeted towards students in plant science. Outbreaks and upsurges can cause huge losses to crops and pastures, threatening the livelihoods of vulnerable farmers and the food and nutrition security of millions at a time. Even if additional breeding is required, the key combined resistances will remain intact as a single locus. Breeding trees resistant to insects and diseases usda forest. Breeding for inducible resistance against pests and diseases. Pest and disease resistance has been an essential part of crop breeding for many years, but has only had marginal impact in tree breeding to date. Valuable uc research is in progress focusing on breeding for direct resistance to soilborne pests using advances such as molecular markerassisted identification of resistance genes.
Everything you need to need about breeding for disease and insect resistance. Control of these diseases through the agronomical measures and chemical control leads to several disadvantages like higher cost of production, environmental pollution, development of vector resistance to the fungicides and some times chemicals has carcinogenic effect to the human being. Robinso agaccess davis, california in association with international development research centre ottawa. Conventional plant breeding for higher yields and pest. Breeding for disease resistance in multiple crops integration of disciplines. Breeding for resistance to diseases and pests springerlink. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests 2011 pp. Pdf advances in breeding for resistance to insects.
This book describes the most basic elements in plantpathogen interactions and defence strategies in plants. In this article we will discuss about the methods of plant breeding for disease and pest resistance. We propose that breeding crops for an enhanced capacity for tritrophic interactions and. Over the past 20 years, tree breeding programmes have been reduced worldwide and now focus on a limited number of species and traits. Major diseases are rusts, powdery and downy mildews, ascochyta blights, botrytis gray molds, anthracnoses, dampingoff, root rots, collar rots, vascular wilts and white molds. In future breeding research in this crop, areas needing to be emphasized include. Development of resistant varieties has been receiving more attention recently than in earlier times. Marked progress has been made in the control of diseases of such crops as asparagus, cab bage, beans, tomatoes, potatoes, peas, lettuce, celery, and spinach through the breeding and selection of diseaseresistant strains and varieties. Screening techniques in disease and pest resistance breeding. In section 1, methods of control are compared and contrasted, and the general principles and methods of breeding for resistance are. However, effective and durable resistance genes to control many viral and bacterial diseases have not been identified in plants, and there a need for new sources of resistance in many crops.
Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests. Title, breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests. Severe diseases, pests, and environmental stresses are the major limiting factor in commercial production and garden use of floricultural plants in the subtropical united states. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Generally, the rate of reproduction is considerably reduced which limits the spread of disease. It denotes less disease development in a genotype than that in the susceptible variety and is a relative attribute.
Transboundary plant pests and diseases can easily spread to several countries and reach epidemic proportions. In many cases, genetic resistance offers the key to restoration of forests and. Strategies for enhanced crop resistance to insect pests. The identification and deployment of the genes that drive this process is our ambition in the wheat, banana and potato programs. Moreover, conventional tree selection and breeding for insect and disease resistance requires complex and lengthy laboratory and field tests, especially since resistance patterns may change from young to adult trees. Types of genetic host resistance and their breeding approaches. Most current gm crops have been engineered for resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides weed control products or both. Breeding for resistance to insect pests in maize request pdf. Monitoring monitor crops for both pests and natural control mechanisms involves scouting for pests insects, diseases and weeds to determine if, when and how intervention should occur.
Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most uptodate text book on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. Breeding for disease and pest resistance in pearl millet r. Plant breeders have been unsuccessful in the past wherever they have used a hypersensitive type of reaction to disease as the basis for resistance. Breeding systems for resistance breeding for resistance in specific crops. This project is to identify sources of resistance to major diseases and pests and tolerance to temperature and light stresses, and to incoporate the resistance and tolerance into new cultivars that can perform better. Mutagenesis in plant breeding for disease and pest resistance. Breeding legume crops for resistance to storage insect pests is likely to be successful as a number of studies demonstrated the existence of genetic variation in landraces, cultivated varieties and their wild relatives 10,1517,24,30. One problem is that pests and diseases are destroying about one fifth of all crop production. Broadspectrum resistance bsr is a desirable trait because it confers resistance against more than one pathogen species or against the majority of races or strains of the same pathogen. Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways. The breeding for insect resistance is most important because many crops in india and other countries are affected by various kinds of insect families. Niks and others published breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Breeding objectives disease and pest resistance which pests and diseases affect crops.
Plants with transgenicgm disease resistance against insect pests have been extremely. Uptodate textbook targeted towards students in plant sciences. It discusses the economic impact of pests and diseases. Breeding methods depend upon the mode of reproduction of a crop plant and also on a differential reaction to races and biotypes of the hostplant genotypes.
Vegetable crops are attacked by large number of diseases. The book describesthe most basic elements in plant pathogen interactions and defence strategies in plants. Byrne, colorado state university, professor, soil and crop sciences. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests request pdf. This resistance breaks down with the arrival of new races which are shown to result from deleterious or adaptive mutations and not from beneficial ones. Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies.
Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies relating. Return to resistance breeding crops to reduce pesticide. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests research. Furthermore, domestication has changed the capacity of crops to express these traits. Insect pests are responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide through direct damage and transmission of plant diseases, and novel approaches that complement or replace broadspectrum chemical insecticides will facilitate the sustainable intensification of food production in the coming decades.
This book describes the most basic elements in plant pathogen interactions and defence strategies in plants. Pest and disease control due to its clonal nature, banana is amongst the most disease and pest vulnerable of all agricultural crops. Host resistance hosts may be less susceptible to attack due to antibiosis and antixenosis or may yield well despite attack due to tolerance. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The article concludes with an outlook that addresses the principal opportunities and barriers for enhanced crop resistance to insect pests. This publication, which consists of 7 chapters, is the most uptodate text book on breeding crops for resistance to diseases and pests targeted towards students in plant science. Resistance of the host plant is the ability to prevent the pathogen from causing disease and is determined by the genetic constitution of host plant. Click download or read online button to get breeding pest resistant trees book now. The possibilities of controlling diseases, insect pests, weeds and graineating birds by breeding cultivars with durable resistance are. Breeding programs that harness the natural genetic resistance within tree species can provide a durable solution to these threats. Disease resistance is often defined as reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant. Parasitic weeds, viruses, bacteria, nematodes and damages caused by chewing and sapsucking insects add to this long list of.
Resistant varieties are developed through the use of resistant donor parents available in the gene pool. However, breeding for resistance to insect pests and nematodes requires a thorough knowledge of the origin, domestication, and evolution of the crop and its relatives, other major production problems, germplasm screening methods, sources of resistant germplasm in the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools, genetics of resistance, breeding. In crop plants, various disorders caused by pathogens are called disease. This book is accordingly critical only of plant breeding for resistance to pests and diseases. Avoidance also described as escape, avoidance is a mechanism.
Resistance breeding crops to reduce pesticide dependence raoul a. Resistance to diseases and insects in transgenic plants. Odor emission and nectar secretion are multigene traits in wild plants, and thus form dif. Breeding for resistance to diseases and insects springerlink. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests book. Genetic resistance is the cheapest and the best method of minimizing such losses. Many bsr genes have been cloned in plants and have been. Crop plants are attacked by various diseases and insects, resulting in considerable yield losses. Potential of breeding legumes for resistance to storage insect pests. Control of crop diseases thoroughly revised and updated to reflect current and emerging practices, this book explores modern methods of disease control in field and glasshouse crops. Fungicides are a central part of disease control in the eu and, as such, a comprehensive account of their use forms an important part of the text, along with strategies to minimise the incidence of fungicide resistance in. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests library wur.
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